Ruolo delle mutazioni nei geni delle sinapsine nell’epilessia e nell’autismo
- 3 Anni 2009/2012
 - 414.500€ Totale Fondi
 
L’epilessia colpisce più dell'1% della popolazione mondiale e ha esordio più frequente nell’infanzia e nell’adolescenza; l’autismo (ASD) colpisce un bambino su 1000 e si manifesta tra il secondo e il terzo anno di vita con comportamenti ripetitivi, problemi nell’apprendimento e nello sviluppo del linguaggio. Il periodo in cui compaiono le due patologie coincide con il periodo di sviluppo in cui si rimodellano i circuiti neuronali in base all’esperienza e ciò suggerisce un possibile meccanismo comune alla base delle due malattie che sono spesso associate. Sia le crisi epilettiche che i difetti comportamentali dell’ASD sono manifestazioni di anomalie presenti a livello dei circuiti corticali. Le due patologie hanno una forte componente genetica e negli ultimi anni si sono identificate anomalie in alcuni geni per proteine sinaptiche. In una forma di epilessia familiare con esordio nelle prime decadi di vita è stata identificata una mutazione non-senso nel gene codificante per la sinapsina I, una proteina delle vescicole sinaptiche. Più recentemente, ulteriori 13 mutazioni per i geni delle sinapsine I, II e III sono state caratterizzate nell’epilessia e nell’ASD, in parte nel precedente progetto Telethon, ed in parte in collaborazione con il laboratorio dei dott. Cossette e Rouleau a Montreal, Canada. Tali scoperte identificano per la prima volta forme di epilessia umana e ASD su base genetica con un difetto in una proteina delle vescicole sinaptiche. Gli scopi del presente progetto sono: (1) studiare le proprietà dei prodotti dei geni mutati per la sinapsina umana per contribuire a spiegare la patogenesi delle malattie; (2) caratterizzare a livello cellulare e del circuito neuronale i meccanismi alla base dell’epilessia e dell’ASD in topi geneticamente modificati in cui siano inattivati uno o più geni per la sinapsina; (3) identificare farmaci antiepilettici attivi in questa forma di epilessia che permettano strategie terapeutiche più mirate.
Pubblicazioni Scientifiche
- 2010-06-01 AMINO ACIDS 
Transglutaminase participates in the blockade of neurotransmitter release by tetanus toxin: evidence for a novel biological function
 - 2013-08-15 BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH 
Autism-related behavioral abnormalities in synapsin knockout mice
 - 2010-02-15 BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 
The highly conserved synapsin domain E mediates synapsin dimerization and phospholipid vesicle clustering
 - 2010-01-29 BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 
The synapsin gene family in basal chordates: evolutionary perspectives in metazoans
 - 2011-11-01 CELL DEATH & DISEASE 
Kidins220/ARMS is an essential modulator of cardiovascular and nervous system development
 - 2010-05-01 CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES 
The role of synapsins in neuronal development
 - 2013-03-01 CEREBRAL CORTEX 
Synaptic and Extrasynaptic Origin of the Excitation/Inhibition Imbalance in the Hippocampus of Synapsin I/II/III Knockout Mice
 - 2012-01-10 FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE 
Analysis of synaptotagmin, SV2, and Rab3 expression in cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic axon terminals
 - 2014-01-01 FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS 
Involvement of synaptic genes in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders: the case of synapsins
 - 2011-06-15 HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS 
SYN1 loss-of-function mutations in autism and partial epilepsy cause impaired synaptic function
 - 2013-06-01 HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS 
Epileptogenic Q555X SYN1 mutant triggers imbalances in release dynamics and short-term plasticity
 - 2014-01-01 HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS 
SYN2 is an autism predisposing gene: loss-of-function mutations alter synaptic vesicle cycling and axon outgrowth
 - 2011-01-01 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPTOMECHATRONICS 
INTEGRATION OF OPTICAL MANIPULATION AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL TOOLS TO MODULATE AND RECORD ACTIVITY IN NEURAL NETWORKS
 - 2009-12-04 JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 
Dynamic Interaction of Amphiphysin with N-WASP Regulates Actin Assembly
 - 2013-02-01 JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 
Specificity Protein 1 (Sp1)-dependent Activation of the Synapsin I Gene (SYN1) Is Modulated by RE1-silencing Transcription Factor (REST) and 5′-Cytosine-Phosphoguanine (CpG) Methylation
 - 2011-05-01 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 
Combined optical tweezers and laser dissector for controlled ablation of functional connections in neural networks
 - 2010-03-15 JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE 
MAPK/Erk-dependent phosphorylation of synapsin mediates formation of functional synapses and short-term homosynaptic plasticity
 - 2010-07-01 JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE 
Tyrosine phosphorylation of synapsin I by Src regulates synaptic-vesicle trafficking
 - 2011-11-01 JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE 
Effects of phosphorylation and neuronal activity on the control of synapse formation by synapsin I
 - 2012-04-15 JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE 
Kidins220/ARMS as a functional mediator of multiple receptor signalling pathways
 - 2011-03-01 JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY 
Abnormal exocytotic release of glutamate in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
 - 2011-02-02 JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 
Influence of GABAAR Monoliganded States on GABAergic Responses
 - 2011-05-18 JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 
Synapsin I Is an Oligomannose-Carrying Glycoprotein, Acts As an Oligomannose-Binding Lectin, and Promotes Neurite Outgrowth and Neuronal Survival When Released via Glia-Derived Exosomes
 - 2011-12-07 JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 
Synapsin I Senses Membrane Curvature by an Amphipathic Lipid Packing Sensor Motif
 - 2012-04-25 JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 
Site-Specific Synapsin I Phosphorylation Participates in the Expression of Post-Tetanic Potentiation and Its Enhancement by BDNF
 - 2012-08-29 JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 
Synapsins Contribute to the Dynamic Spatial Organization of Synaptic Vesicles in an Activity-Dependent Manner
 - 2011-01-01 NATURE COMMUNICATIONS 
A hybrid bioorganic interface for neuronal photoactivation
 - 2011-04-01 NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE 
Both Schwann cell and axonal defects cause motor peripheral neuropathy in Ebf2-/- mice
 - 2012-02-23 NEURON 
Sound-Driven Synaptic Inhibition in Primary Visual Cortex
 - 2010-02-03 NEUROSCIENCE 
HETEROGENEITY OF GLUTAMATERGIC AND GABAergic RELEASE MACHINERY IN CEREBRAL CORTEX: ANALYSIS OF SYNAPTOGYRIN, VESICLE-ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN, AND SYNTAXIN
 - 2010-11-24 NEUROSCIENCE 
CORTICO-HIPPOCAMPAL HYPEREXCITABILITY IN SYNAPSIN I/II/III KNOCKOUT MICE: AGE-DEPENDENCY AND RESPONSE TO THE ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUG LEVETIRACETAM
 - 2010-08-30 OPTICS EXPRESS 
Simultaneous two-photon imaging and photo-stimulation with structured light illumination
 - 2011-11-07 OPTICS EXPRESS 
Long-range and long-term interferometric tracking by static and dynamic force-clamp optical tweezers
 - 2011-09-01 OPTICS LETTERS 
Three-dimensional in vivo scanning microscopy with inertia-free focus control
 - 2012-01-01 PHOTONIC THERAPEUTICS AND DIAGNOSTICS VIII, PTS 1 AND 2 
Axonal regeneration of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons studied by an optical nano-surgery system
 - 2010-01-05 PLOS ONE 
Acute Stress Increases Depolarization-Evoked Glutamate Release in the Rat Prefrontal/Frontal Cortex: The Dampening Action of Antidepressants
 - 2010-08-16 PLOS ONE 
Binding of Protein Kinase Inhibitors to Synapsin I Inferred from Pair-Wise Binding Site Similarity Measurements
 - 2012-11-08 PLOS ONE 
A "Spike-Based" Grammar Underlies Directional Modification in Network Connectivity: Effect on Bursting Activity and Implications for Bio-Hybrids Systems
 - 2013-06-20 PLOS ONE 
Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay and Loss-of-Function of the Protein Underlie the X-Linked Epilepsy Associated with the W356x Mutation in Synapsin I
 - 2010-05-01 PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY 
Communication breaks-Down: From neurodevelopment defects to cognitive disabilities in Down syndrome
 - 2010-08-01 PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY 
The synapsins: Key actors of synapse function and plasticity
 - 2011-06-01 SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 
The synapsins: Multitask modulators of neuronal development
 - 2011-06-01 SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 
Synapsins-Molecular function, development and disease
 - 2010-01-01 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL 
Integrated Brain Circuits: Neuron-Astrocyte Interaction in Sleep-Related Rhythmogenesis